Drugs| Prescribed Drugs| Sample Drug Study

Carbamazapine

03/04/2009 19:35
Carbamazepine Brand Name: Apo-Carbamazepine (CAN), Atretol, Carbatrol, Epitol, Novo-Carbamaz (CAN), Tegretol, Tegretol-XR Pregnancy Category D   Drug class: Antiepileptic agent   Therapeutic actions Mechanism of action not understood; antiepileptic activity may be related to its ability to inhibit polysynaptic responses and block post-tetanic potentiation. Drug is chemically related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).   Indications · Refractory seizure disorders:...

Cefuroxime

03/04/2009 19:36
Cefuroxime Brand Name: cefuroxime axetil, Ceftin, cefuroxime sodium, Kefurox, Zinacef Pregnancy Category B Drug classes: Antibiotic, Cephalosporin (second generation)   Therapeutic actions Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.   Indications Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Skin Infections · Treatment of early Lyme disease   Contraindications and cautions · Allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins, renal...

Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride

03/04/2009 19:37
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (metaminodiazepoxide hydrochloride) Brand Name: Apo-Chlordiazepoxide (CAN), Librium, Libritabs, Mitran, Reposans-10 Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antianxiety agent   Therapeutic actions Exact mechanisms of action not understood; acts mainly at subcortical levels of the CNS; main sites of action may be the limbic system and reticular formation; potentiates the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid...

Cimetedine

03/04/2009 19:39
Cimetidine Brand Name: Apo-Cimetidine (CAN), Gen-Cimetidine (CAN), Novo-Cimetine (CAN), Nu-Cimet (CAN), Peptol (CAN), Tagamet, Tagamet HB, Tagamet HB Suspension   Pregnancy Category B Drug class: Histamine2 (H2) antagonist   Therapeutic actions Inhibits the action of histamine at the histamine2 (H2) receptors of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion and reducing total pepsin output.   Indications · Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer · ...

Ciprofloxacin

03/04/2009 19:40
Ciprofloxacin Brand Name: Ciloxan (CAN), Cipro, Cipro HC Otic, Cipro I.V. Pregnancy Category C Drug class: Antibacterial   Therapeutic actions Bactericidal; interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria preventing cell reproduction.   Indications · For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa,...

Clarithromycin

03/04/2009 19:41
Clarithromycin Brand Name: Biaxin, Biaxin XL Pregnancy Category B Drug class: Macrolide antibiotic   Therapeutic actions Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death. Indications · Treatment of upper respiratory infections caused by S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae · Treatment of lower respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis · Treatment of skin and structure infections caused by S....

Clonazepam

03/04/2009 19:42
Clonazepam Brand Name: Apo-Clonazepam (CAN), Clonapam (CAN), Gen-Clonazepam (CAN), Klonopin, Rivotril (CAN) Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antiepileptic agent   Therapeutic actions Exact mechanisms not understood; benzodiazepines potentiate the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.   Indications · Used alone or as adjunct in treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures;...

Clonidine

03/04/2009 19:43
Clonidine hydrochloride Brand Name: Antihypertensives: Apo-Clonidine (CAN), Catapres, Catapres-TTS (transdermal preparation), Dixarit (CAN), Nu-Clonidine (CAN) Analgesic: Duraclon Pregnancy Category C Drug classes: Antihypertensive, Sympatholytic, centrally acting, Central analgesic   Therapeutic actions Stimulates CNS alpha2-adrenergic receptors, inhibits sympathetic cardioaccelerator and vasoconstrictor centers, and decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS.   Indications · ...

Codeine

03/04/2009 19:45
Codeine phosphate Pregnancy Category C (during pregnancy), Pregnancy Category D (during labor), C-II controlled substance Drug classes: Narcotic agonist analgesic, Antitussive Therapeutic actions Acts at opioid receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation; acts in medullary cough center to depress cough reflex.   Indications · Relief of mild to moderate pain in adults and children · Coughing induced by chemical or mechanical irritation of the respiratory...

Dexamethasone

03/04/2009 19:47
Diazepam Brand Name: Apo-Diazepam (CAN), Diastat, Diazemuls (CAN), Diazepam Intensol, Valium, Vivol (CAN) Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antianxiety agent, Antiepileptic agent, Skeletal muscle relaxant, centrally acting   Therapeutic actions Exact mechanisms of action not understood; acts mainly at the limbic system and reticular formation; may act in spinal cord and at supraspinal sites to produce skeletal muscle relaxation; potentiates...

Dexamethasone

03/04/2009 19:46
Dexamethasone   Pregnancy Category C   Drug classes: Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid, Hormone     Therapeutic actions   Enters target cells and binds to specific receptors, initiating many complex reactions that are responsible for its antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.     Indications   · Hypercalcemia associated with cancer   · Short-term management of various inflammatory and allergic disorders, such as rheumatoid...

Diltiazem Hydrochloride

03/04/2009 19:52
Diltiazem hydrochloride Brand Name: Alti-Diltiazem (CAN), Apo-Diltiaz (CAN), Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Diltia XT, Gen-Diltiazem (CAN), Novo-Diltiazem (CAN), Nu-Diltiaz (CAN), Tiamate, Tiazac Pregnancy Category C Drug classes: Calcium channel-blocker, Antianginal agent, Antihypertensive   Therapeutic actions Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, resulting in the depression of impulse formation in...

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride; Benadryl

03/04/2009 19:48
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride Brand Name: Benadryl, Tusstat Pregnancy Category B Drug classes: Antihistamine, Anti-motion sickness agent, Sedative/hypnotic, Antiparkinsonian agent, Cough suppressant   Therapeutic actions Competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites, has atropine-like, antipruritic, and sedative effects.   Indications · Relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis; vasomotor rhinitis; allergic...

Disulfiram

03/04/2009 19:50
Disulfiram Brand Name: Antabuse Pregnancy Category C Drug classes: Antialcoholic agent, Enzyme inhibitor   Therapeutic actions Inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, blocking oxidation of alcohol and allowing acetaldehyde to accumulate to concentrations in the blood 5–10 times higher than normally achieved during alcohol metabolism; accumulation of acetaldehyde produces the highly unpleasant reaction described below that deters consumption of alcohol.   Indication · ...

Epinephrine; Adrenaline

03/04/2009 19:56
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Brand Name: epinephrine bitartrate Pregnancy Category C Drug classes: Sympathomimetic drug, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Beta1 and beta2-adrenergic agonist, Cardiac stimulant, Vasopressor, Bronchodilator, Antiasthmatic drug, Nasal decongestant, Mydriatic, Antiglaucoma drug   Therapeutic actions Naturally occurring neurotransmitter, the effects of which are mediated by alpha or beta receptors in target organs. Effects on alpha receptors include vasoconstriction,...
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