Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Brand Name: Ciloxan (CAN), Cipro, Cipro HC Otic, Cipro I.V.
Pregnancy Category C
Drug class: Antibacterial
Therapeutic actions
Bactericidal; interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria preventing cell reproduction.
Indications
· For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, group D streptococci
· Treatment of acute otitis externa (otic)
· Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
· Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, K. pneumoniae (IV)
· Typhoid fever (oral)
· Sexually transmitted diseases caused by N. gonorrheae (oral)
· Prevention of anthrax following exposure to anthrax bacilla (prophylactic use in regions suspected of using germ warfare)
· Unlabeled use: effective in patients with cystic fibrosis who have pulmonary exacerbations
Contraindications
· Contraindicated with allergy to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, somnolence, depression, blurred vision, Arrhythmias, hypotension, angina, Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, abdominal pain, Elevated BUN, AST, ALT, serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase; decreased WBC, neutrophil count, Hct, Fever, rash
Drug Interactions:
· Decreased therapetic effect with iron salts, sucralfate
· Decreased absorption with antacids, didanosine
· Increased serum levels and toxic effects of theophyllines if taken concurrently with ciprofloxacin
Nursing considerations
· Arrange for culture and sensitivity tests before beginning therapy.
· Continue therapy for 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection are gone.
· Give oral drug 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals with a glass of water.
· Ensure that patient is well hydrated.
· Give antacids at least 2 hr after dosing.
· Monitor clinical response; if no improvement is seen or a relapse occurs, repeat culture and sensitivity.
· Encourage patient to complete full course of therapy.